The health of southern forests. 1). p. 42. In: Stipes, R.J. Website developed by The University of Georgia - Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health and the National Park Service in cooperation with the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England, Invasive Plant Control, Inc., USDA Forest Service, and M.T. Understory forest dogwoods are more prone to infection than trees growing in full sunlight. Trees that survive one or more seasons of severe anthracnose usually have swollen areas on trunks and branches where cankers were enveloped by new tissue (Daughtrey and Hibben 1994). Leaf buds are black and look like bristles, forming on short stalks. Windham, and S.C. Redlin. Figure 1. Mycologia 83(5):633-642. Northern Swamp Dogwood. Buddleia davidii is not the only shrub that has turned out to be invasive. 1983. Dogwood anthracnose affects leaves, bracts, current-year shoots, localized areas of bark and cambium of the trunk or branches, fruits, and seeds of C. florida (Britton et al. Windham. A species profile for Dogwood Anthracnose. Flowering Cornus (dogwood) trees are grown for their showy coloured bracts in late spring and early summer. In 1983, the fungus associated with the anthracnose on C. nuttallii was identified as a species of Discula, and flowering dogwood ( Cornus florida) and Japanese dogwood ( Cornus kousa) were noted as minor hosts (Salogga and Ammirati 1983), but C. Florida is now known as a major host that is impacted by this disease. This plant has no children Legal Status. Swank. Dogwood - A Plant for all Seasons No matter where you live in Canada, chances are there is a dogwood for you. An organization’s internal relationships and balance affect how the organization relates to its clients and the external environment. It grows up to a height of 4 to 15 feet, and its subgenera are Swida. Below 3,000 feet, damage is most severe on moist, cool sites such as northeast-facing slopes (Chellemi et al. Dogwood anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. Shrubby Cornus alba , C. sericea and C. sanguinea are grown for their vivid winter stem colour, while shrubby C.mas (the cornelian cherry) is grown for its winter flowers and summer fruits. Emerald Ash Borer. Daughtrey, M.L., and C.R. In the Southern Appalachians, mortality is most likely at elevations above 3,000 feet. Dogwood anthracnose in northeastern United States. Purple-rimmed lesions (Parham and Windham 1992) or shot holes predominate on leaves exposed to sunlight, while necrotic blotches predominate on shaded leaves (Parham and Windham 1992). There is only one genus of dogwood in Canada — Cornus — but its species come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Britton, K.O. Redlin, S.C. 1991. 1994). Brown. Plant Disease. Control and eradication, a primary management goal, is an ongoing challenge. Knighten, M. Windham, K. Langdon, F. Hendrix, R. and Roncadori. Natural Resources Canada. Agrilus planipennis. p. 31–35. Extension Service. C. kousa also is considered a host, but leaf infection is generally minimal (Daughtrey et al. Seattle Public Utilities (Washington). Lower branch dieback, a new disease of northern dogwoods. Hibben, K.O. Researchers also speculate that climatic changes and droughts may have predisposed trees to infection, thus causing coincidental outbreaks in the Northeast and the Pacific Northwest (Anderson et al. Lantana . Green Gardening Program. Annual Review of Photopathology. Discula destructiva sp. 16 of 20. Symptoms include: (1) necrotic lesions surrounded by a reddish or brown-purple zone (some with chlorotic halo) (Fig. Overall, vigorous trees tend to be less damaged than weak trees. It is listed as a black listed invasive species in Switzerland (EPPO, 2009b). Figures 5-6. Dutch Elm Disease. Phytopathology. Daughtrey. Plant Disease. Britton, M.T. Find Free Themes and plugins. Influence of site factors on dogwood anthracnose in the Nantahala Mountain range of western North Carolina. 77:34-36. Drought and winter injury appear to increase susceptibility (Daughtrey and Hibben 1994). Distinctive white flowers, 3″ in diameter, bloom mid-April to mid-May. For this reason, ornamentals grown in open, sunny sites are often disfigured without being killed. Discula destructiva is a fungus that has caused serious losses to North American native flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and other native and introduced species (C. nuttallii and C. kousa, respectively) of dogwood found in the natural environment and in ornamental plantings. This varied group of plants give great garden value. 3(2):20-21. 4). Fungal disease of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) trees (Daughtrey et al. Plant Disease 80(4):349-358. Regeneration can be eliminated in some areas. Cornus florida, the flowering dogwood, is a species of flowering tree in the family Cornaceae native to eastern North America and northern Mexico.An endemic population once spanned from southernmost coastal Maine south to northern Florida and west to the Mississippi River. Windham, and S.C. Redlin. 1290. The .gov means it’s official.Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. At elevations between 2,000 to 3,000 feet, dogwoods in the shade are affected. Discula destructiva Redlin (1991) (Redlin 1991), First detected in the late 1970s (Daughtrey et al. The DNR is working with citizens and partners to slow the spread of invasive species. Large C. florida often die two to three years after the first symptoms are found in the leaves (Anderson et al. 1994. National strategy for special forest products. Disease severity within infected areas also has increased rapidly. Like the Kousa, Cornelian Dogwoods form a canopy as they grow, making them great for shading and decoration, especially in the garden. 2015-41595-24254 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Patterns of evolution in Discula fungi and the origin of dogwood anthracnose in North America, studied using arbitrarily amplified and ribosomal DNA. Plant Disease. 1996. Images of dogwood anthracnose infections. Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Regional Dogwood Workshop. Dogwood fruits, rich in fat and protein, are a preferred food for turkeys, bobwhite quail, squirrels, rabbits, and deer, as well as numerous non-game species of birds. 80:349-357. Fall color is purplish to red. In the eastern United States, the disease has spread rapidly down the Appalachians, primarily on Cornus florida, the eastern flowering dogwood. Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry. Discula sp. This species is less prone to becoming invasive than most species on this list. Bugwood Wiki was created to be a resource for those needing information on Integrated Pest Management, Invasive Species and … 1996). Secondary cycles of leaf infection during rainy periods increase the impact of anthracnose on dogwoods (Britton 1993, Hibben and Daughtrey 1988). University of Arkansas. dikti / Getty Images Latin Name: Various species of Lantana can be invasive. Discula destructiva sp. Amylostereum complex ... Dogwood Anthracnose Disease. Spring flowering of forest dogwoods enhances the aesthetic quality of forest landscapes and is important for tourism. Horticulture Diagnostic Laboratory. 2 and 3), (2) shot holes, (3) necrotic blotches at the leaf tip or along the blade periphery, or (4) blight of the entire blade (Hibben and Daughtrey 1988) (Fig. Engaging and empowering the public to help find, map, and prevent invasive species in America's wilderness areas, wild rivers, and other natural areas. Leaves are dark green with bright yellow flowers. FS. Apply the mulch of your choice such as bark chips 3 to 4 inches deep over roots to hold in moisture. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health. Leaf symptoms on C. florida generally occur within four weeks after flowering (Britton 1993, Hibben and Daughtrey 1988). nov., cause of dogwood anthracnose. Through educational outreach, strategic planning and active management we are … Cooperative Extension Service. Daughtrey, M.L. The https:// means all transmitted data is encrypted — in other words, any information or browsing history that you provide is transmitted securely. 1994). Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood) Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) is a small, low-branched tree with spreading horizontal branches. 1992. – roughleaf dogwood Subordinate Taxa. 1993. Hibben, K.O. Current Genetics 39(5-6):346-354. 1993. Caetano-Anolles, G., R.N. Forest Service Protection Report 26, p. 19. Hibben, C.R., and M.L. Select the non-indigenous forest pest to view maps depicting state and county distribution. This species is invasive, but is considered a wetland plant, so it is not counted as invasive in our survey. National Invasive Species Information Center, Alien Forest Pest Explorer (AFPE): Alien Pest Range Maps, Early Detection & Distribution Mapping System (EDDMapS) - Dogwood Anthracnose, Gallery of Pests - Dogwood Anthracnose Disease, Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States - Dogwood Anthracnose, Plantwise Technical Factsheet - Anthracnose of Dogwood (, Dogwood Anthracnose and its Spread in the South (PDF | 483 KB), How to Identify and Control Dogwood Anthracnose, Forest Invasive Alien Species - Dogwood Anthracnose, Dogwood Anthracnose - Integrated Pest Management Solutions for the Landscaping Professional (PDF | 100 KB), Fact Sheet: Dogwood Anthracnose (PDF | 245 KB), Ground Covers, Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Ornamentals Fact Sheets, Dogwood Anthracnose - Plant Pathology Fact Sheet (Nov 2005) (PDF | 205 KB), Diagnostic Facts: Dogwood Anthracnose (Mar 2002) (PDF | 746 KB), Anthracnose Diseases of Dogwood (PDF | 313 KB), Anthracnose of Flowering Dogwood (PDF | 424 KB), Discula "Dogwood" Anthracnose - Pest Fact Sheet 39, Fact Sheets - Diseases: Dogwood Anthracnose, Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook - Dogwood (, Patterns of evolution in Discula fungi and the origin of dogwood anthracnose in North America, studied using arbitrarily amplified and ribosomal DNA, Dogwood anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. Nov., Cause of Dogwood Anthracnose. associated with anthracnose of dogwood in the Pacific Northwest. Landscape, Nursery, and Urban Forestry Program. Chellemi, D.O., K.O. Michigan State University. Cooperative Extension Service. The crimson colour of its leaves in autumn, and its strikingly red twigs, make it a popular ornamental plant, so it is frequently planted in parks and gardens. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure you’re on a .gov or .mil site by inspecting your browser’s address (or “location”) bar. At Dogwood we believe that everything is connected. Red-osier dogwood is by far our most common native dogwood. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure you’re on a .gov or .mil site by inspecting your browser’s address (or “location”) bar. Stem dieback from dogwood anthracnose (, Terrestrial (land-dwelling) invasive species, Aquatic (Water-Dwelling) Invasive Species, Public Outreach and Education Materials (Invasive species), Climate Change Impacts on Forest Diseases. Byther, R.S. Bugwood Wiki. Britton et al. The latter two are introduced species that have earned a place in American gardens because they are more disease resistant than native species. Dogwood anthracnose. By 1995, the disease had been confirmed in northern Georgia (1987), western North Carolina (1988), and as far south as northern Alabama. Southern Region. 1993, Daughtrey and Hibben 1983). At elevations below 2,000 feet, only dogwoods in cool, wet areas are dying (Anderson et al. In general, damage is most severe at elevations above 3,000 feet, where forest and ornamental dogwoods may be eliminated. Of the 17 species of dogwood native to North America, the four most common garden types are native flowering dogwoods, Pacific dogwood, Cornelian cherry dogwood and kousa dogwoods. 72:199-203. Dogwood trees are dependent on surface moisture because root networks don't penetrate to water reserves that may lie deeper beneath the slightly acidic well-draining soil they prefer. The dogwoods are distinguished from other flowering shrubs by the clusters of small, 4-petaled white flowers and opposite (except for 1 species) leaves that are toothless and have prominent, arching, lateral veins. Plant Disease. Found 59 Resources Page 1 of 1. Parasitic fungus affects region’s dogwood. Anthracnose was monitored on permanent plots in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park (GSMNP) from 1988-1991 (Windham et al. Pirone, P.P. The various species of dogwood are native throughout much of temperate and boreal Eurasia and North America, with China, Japan, and the southeastern United States being particularly rich in native species. Cornell University. 1983. Stems show similar symptoms as seen in Figure 5 with a canker at the base of an epicormic branch and Figure 6 showing conidia (spores) exuded from a dead twig infected with Discula destructiva. Erythrina Gall Wasp. 2001. 1996). The section below contains highly relevant resources for this species, organized by source. 83:633-642. Davidson, Jr. 1979. In: J. L. Knighten and R. L. Anderson (eds.). Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County. Latin Name Common Name . Clusters of glossy red fruit in fall persist into winter and are relished by birds. Britton, and W.T. Leaf spots vary according to light exposure. and C.R. Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. Invasive Species. Dogwood leaves also have a high calcium content and decompose rapidly. Effects of tree placement on dogwood anthracnose severity and lesion growth rates in urban landscapes and wooded areas. Hibben. Amylostereum complex. Plant Disease. (ed.). 1996). Produced by: USDA, FS, Forest Health Protection, and its partners. Dogwood Lake is a 3.5-acre waterbody in Trumbull, Connecticut. 1996), Fungal disease of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) trees (Daughtrey et al. 1996) Dogwood Anthracnose | National Invasive Species Information Center Visually appealing and magnets for wildlife, these plants are bound to please both the gardener and naturalist in you. Anthracnose infection of dogwood seedlings exposed to natural inoculum in western North Carolina. University of Kentucky. Maps can be downloaded and shared. 1992. Beyond this aesthetic loss, the absence of native dogwoods and their fruits is probably detrimental to wildlife. Canadian Forest Service. Top of page The North American species Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) and C. nuttallii (Pacific dogwood) are particularly susceptible. Species include the common dogwood Cornus sanguinea of Eurasia, the widely cultivated flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) of eastern North America, the Pacific dogwood Cornus nuttallii of western … Table 2 identifies those invasive species commonly used in gardens or landscaping, the corresponding alternative plant category, as well as some additional alternatives. Although the origin of dogwood anthracnose is unknown, the results of DNA analysis combined with its rapid spread have led many to conclude it was introduced (Daughtrey et al. These were also the species on which the responsible agent for the disease was discovered in 2003 in a nursery in Lombardy, Italy, and in a private garden in Germany. Also known as Chinese dogwood, Korean dogwood, or Japanese dogwood, the Kousa dogwood is a small deciduous tree or multi-stemmed shrub. 1992. Parham, J.M. Other names for this tree include Gray dogwood and panicled dogwood. 365 (Abstr.). University of Massachusetts Extension. The species reproduces vegetatively by rooting along nodes and the lower stems ( EPPO, 2009b ). During that period, the number of plots with severe epidemics (more than 25 percent of foliage blighted) increased by 638 percent. Introduced, Invasive, and Noxious Plants : Threatened & Endangered: Wetland Indicator Status : 50,000+ Plant Images ... Cornus L. – dogwood Species: Cornus drummondii C.A. and R.M. 1996. Dogwood anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. Infection of dogwoods is most likely to occur during cool, wet weather in spring and fall but can also occur at any time during the growing season. U.S. Forest Service Protection Report R8-PR 23. Shade are affected — Cornus — but its species come in a of. - a Plant for all Seasons No matter where you live in —! 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S internal relationships and balance affect how the organization relates to its clients and the external environment genus dogwood... Rivers and landscapes infection of dogwood populations resulting from dogwood anthracnose, the absence of native dogwoods and fruits! Numerous ecological relationships ( Daughtrey et al Pacific Northwest forest landscapes and is important for tourism and! Your choice such as northeast-facing slopes ( Chellemi et al shrub that has turned out to be damaged. Earned a place in American gardens because they are more prone to infection trees... Urban landscapes and is hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8 this reason, ornamentals grown in open, sites... Websites always use a.gov or.mil domain in fall persist into winter and are relished by.. Of Food and Agriculture winter injury appear to increase susceptibility ( Daughtrey et al in America! Infection of dogwood in Canada — Cornus — dogwood invasive species its species come a!